Which of the following is a potential effect of pests on wildlife?

Reduced reproductive success is a significant concern when it comes to the impact of pests on wildlife. Pests can directly affect wildlife populations by preying on them or competing for the same resources, leading to stressed populations that may struggle to reproduce effectively. The presence of pests can lead to decreased food availability and increased disease transmission, which can ultimately impact the ability of species to successfully raise their young.

In scenarios where wildlife faces high pest pressures, the stress can also manifest in lower parental care or health issues, further compounding reproductive challenges. This underscores the importance of managing pest populations not only for agricultural reasons but also for the conservation of wildlife and ecosystem health.